A comparison of two hybrid closed-loop systems in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (FLAIR): A multicentre, randomised, crossover trial. Available online: (accessed on 4 September 2022). National Report 2019/20: Care Processes and Outcomes. National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA).Accessibility to personal insulin pumps among children with diabetes mellitus in Poland in 2014. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Other authors declare no conflict of interest. Sebastian Seget had previously received speaker’s honoraria from Medtronic and Ypsomed. Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława had previously received speaker’s honoraria from and consulted for Abbott, Bayer/Ascentia, BMS/AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, DexCom, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Roche. The lack of experience with such methods may prevent the use of such management.

When choosing CSII as a method of perioperative insulin therapy, it is highly recommended to consult with an anesthesiologist who will participate in the procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully check if the pump is working properly, that there is no tubing occlusion, and that the settings are correct. However, considering that only fast or short-acting insulin can be used in a pump, it is important to remember that an interruption of the infusion may quickly result in hyperglycemia. The use of an AHCL system for this purpose is less invasive compared to intravenous insulin infusion and avoids interrupting patients’ routine insulin therapy, while maintaining good glycemic control.

The technology used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes is constantly advancing, and it is necessary to adapt these systems to various aspects of therapy, including perioperative management.

As a result, the number of diabetic patients requiring surgical intervention is also increasing. Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood, and its incidence is increasing.

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